Types of Trafficking

Types of Trafficking

Play the video to hear an introduction to the types of trafficking.

There are two main types of trafficking: sex trafficking and labor trafficking. The exact numbers are difficult to calculate because trafficking is a crime that is often hidden, like in the stories you’ll hear throughout the Preventing Human Trafficking course. Experts estimate there are 25.9 million people who are trafficked per year. Minors (children and teens) are particularly vulnerable to trafficking. Human trafficking is believed to be the third most prevalent criminal activity in the world.

Traffickers and victims alike come from all different backgrounds. Human trafficking victims have been recovered in rural areas, small towns, the suburbs, and large cities. Many Americans unknowingly encounter trafficking victims through their daily activities.

The State Department’s Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report notes that every country in the world, including the United States, is either a country of origin (the place from which victims come), country of destination (the place to which victims are trafficked), or transit country (a place/places through which trafficking victims are transported on the way to the country of destination). In addition, the latest TIP Report describes each country as having some form of human trafficking within its own borders, which is referred to as domestic trafficking. Domestic trafficking occurs when the entirety of the crime occurs within a country's borders, and no international boundary is crossed. For example, in the United States, we have cases of domestic sex trafficking and labor trafficking, as well as cases of international sex and labor trafficking.

It’s important to note that wherever there are labor intensive jobs – in construction, factories, agricultural work, hospitality industries, mining -- there is the potential for labor trafficking.

Remember, according to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), as amended (22 U.S.C. § 7102), the definition of sex trafficking is the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, obtaining, patronizing, or soliciting of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act, in which the commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion. Persons under age 18 who are induced to perform commercial sex acts are automatically victims of sex trafficking (no force, fraud or coercion is required).

And, the definition of labor trafficking is the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.



Select the image of each trafficking victim to hear their stories.

Human trafficking is a challenging issue to discuss. In this training we may present material that is upsetting, yet important to learn. Self-care is important in this context. Please take a break if you find it necessary.


Another form of trafficking is child soldiering. While it rarely occurs in the U.S., it is found in over a dozen countries around the world. Recently child soldiering has been reported in:

  • Afghanistan
  • Burma
  • Democratic Republic of Congo
  • Iran
  • Iraq
  • Libya
  • Mali
  • Nigeria
  • Pakistan
  • Somalia
  • South Sudan
  • Syria
  • Turkey
  • Venezuela
  • Yemen

Reference: U.S. State Department Trafficking in Persons Report, 21st Edition, July 2021, p. 46

At any time during this training, call the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children Hotline at 1-800-THE-LOST (1-800-843-5678) to speak to someone about anything in this training that concerns you.

1-800-THE-LOST (1-800-843-5678)

To report an incident online, fill out a report here: CyberTipline

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